As can be seen, the daily values of hospitalizations show a similar distribution among adults and the elderly, especially for circulatory system problems. In the elderly population, external causes have a higher value than in the other age groups observed. As to length of stay, in general, those aged over 60 years spend more time hospitalized, except for infectious diseases and nervous system disorders. It is noteworthy mentioning that the length of stay for mental and behavioral disorders reaches 103 days among the elderly (Table 3).
The hospitalization rate (Table 4) has a contrasting distribution between men and women, despite the fact that, in general, they maintain increasing values in the elderly. The hospitalization rates for elderly men - due to all causes - are higher than those for women; except for endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases; and musculoskeletal system and connective tissue diseases.
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Taking into consideration the differences between the genders, one must consider aspects inherent to the health culture of society, in which men, since early times, do not have the habit of caring for their health nor of seeking treatment at healthcare units. With time this fact leads to an increase of diseases in this population that are generally diagnosed at more advanced stages, requiring more specialized and expensive treatments. Whereas women tend to seek health care units more frequently, having treatments and investing in prevention and self-care, justifying less hospital expenses when they are aged.
In a broader context of health promotion, the inclusion of the elderly in activities that favor their social interaction, life habits, etc, should be highlighted. Some initiatives, such as a group of elderly individuals linked to a hospital geriatrics service, identified improved overall quality of life in the individuals, resulting from the psychological and social support they received from peers and professionals, and the benefits from the group activities, as well as a tendency towards elevation observed in the social relation and general domains(22).
A public initiative that may be effective in most frequent diseases of the elderly and in longer hospital stays, is the Academia da Cidade (City Gymnasium)(23) implemented by the Ministry of Health, in 2011. This initiative seeks to create places where people can exercise, engage in sociocultural activities, receive orientation, and develop projects integrated with Primary Care, which could serve even as an entry into the health system. Some studies(24) have already shown the effectiveness of this proposal, which is not only for the elderly, but they generally are the ones that participate in it, in addition to those who would not have the means of paying to go to a gymnasium.
La categoría "revisión crítica de literatura" presenta dos textos. En Reflexões sobre a Atuação Ética do Pesquisador em Estudos Qualitativos: Um exemplo envolvendo o tema da Religiosidade, Thais Assis Antunes Baungart, de la Faculdade Anhanguera de Campinas, intenta pensar en el papel del investigador en relación con las cuestiones de orden religioso. El segundo texto - titulado Fenomenologia da Depressão: Uma Análise da Produção Acadêmica Brasileira - escrito por Anielli Santiago y Adriano Holanda, vinculados a la Universidade Federal de Paraná, ofrece una visión general de las investigaciones publicadas en Brasil, cuyo tema es la depresión desde una perspectiva fenomenológica, a partir de una investigación en las bases de datos abiertas.
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