One of the conspicuous features of Kilauea caldera is rising water vapour (the white cloud in Figure 4.16) and a strong smell of sulphur (Figure 4.17). As is typical in magmatic regions, water is the main volatile component, followed by carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide. These, and some minor gases, originate from the magma chamber at depth and rise up through cracks in the overlying rock. This degassing of the magma is critical to the style of eruption at Kilauea, which, for most of the past 30 years, has been effusive, not explosive.
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